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These doctors must have a low workload... by Jeremy Posted in: Blog Posts in General Medicine Someone didn't think this sign through. It's from the same hospital I work at... Read on »
An approach to hypernatraemia by Jeremy Posted in: Blog Posts in General Medicine Now that we've dealt with the commonest derangement of sodium concentration , it's time meet its rarer cousin: hypernatraemia. There are only two ways to become hypernatrae ... Read on »
An approach to hyponatraemia by Jeremy Posted in: Blog Posts in General Medicine Hyponatraemia is arguably the commonest metabolic derangement in medicine, and yet it can be tricky to pin down. There are extensive and complicated algorithms that can be ... Read on »
Sodium and Water (4) - The difference by Jeremy Posted in: Blog Posts in General Medicine OK, in the last post , I alluded to the difference between maintaining the body's water balance and maintaining the body's sodium balance. It's quite an important distinct ... Read on »
Sodium and Water (3) - Sodium Balance by Jeremy Posted in: Blog Posts in General Medicine In the previous post , we discussed how the body regulates its free water content. Now we turn to sodium regulation. We can lose a minimum of about 100 mmol pe ... Read on »
Sodium and Water (2) - Water balance by Jeremy Posted in: Blog Posts in General Medicine To maintain a steady state, your intake of a substance must equal your loss of that substance, and water is no exception. So what are you obligatory water losses - those ... Read on »
Ineffective vs effective osmoles by Jeremy Posted in: Blog Posts in General Medicine Here's a challenge for you. In the previous post , I said that examples of ineffective osmolytes were urea and glucose. That's because these two substances, although osmot ... Read on »
Sodium and Water (1) - Body compartments by Jeremy Posted in: Blog Posts in General Medicine The human body is approximately 50-60% water (on the higher end for men, on the lower end for women). This water is distributed in two major compartments - the intracellu ... Read on »
Why do we measure hydrogen ions in pH? by Jeremy Posted in: Blog Posts in General Medicine Ever wondered why we measure the concentration of hydrogen ions as pH, rather than as mmols, by which so many other bodily substances are calibrated? First up, what does ... Read on »
Why are the kidneys so redundant? by Jeremy Posted in: Blog Posts in General Medicine Forgive the provocative title; what I merely meant to point out is that the kidneys filter some 180 liters of fluid per day, and in the process consume more than 10% of the b ... Read on »
Biology in proportion by Jeremy Posted in: Blog Posts in General Medicine What's the smallest biological object that you can see with your unaided eye? Probably the human egg cell at its biggest. It registers just before the 0.1mm limit at which o ... Read on »
Paroxysmal hypertension by Jeremy Posted in: Blog Posts in General Medicine If your patient has episodic (as opposed to persistent) spells of hypertension, which diagnostic avenues should you pursue? The list is actually quite small, and the one I wa ... Read on »
What do the words "amyotrophic lateral sclerosis" mean? by Jeremy Posted in: Blog Posts in General Medicine Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common form of progressive motor neurone disease, and is characterised by the almost relentless loss of both upper and lowe ... Read on »
Can you calculate the haemoglobin concentration from only the haematocrit? by Jeremy Posted in: Blog Posts in General Medicine Sort of. The haematocrit (Hct) describes the proportion of one's blood that is made up of red blood cells. It's usual range is about 35-45% for women and 40-50% for m ... Read on »
More on Anaemia of Chronic Inflammation by Jeremy Posted in: Blog Posts in General Medicine Here's a good chance to revise your understanding of iron metabolism with a discovery that's hot off the press. The body has no special method to get rid of iron. Any ... Read on »
Hardy-Weinberg Question #4 by Jeremy Posted in: Blog Posts in General Medicine This is the latest of the Hardy-Weinberg questions that I've received - see the rest of them here . Question: If the frequency of a homozygous dominant genotyp ... Read on »
Why you can't see the colour of the car that hit you by Jeremy Posted in: Blog Posts in General Medicine The visual system is one of the best understood in all neuroscience (not that there aren't plenty of mysteries about it!), and its most salient features is its economy. The b ... Read on »
Swine flu vaccine nonsense by Jeremy Posted in: Blog Posts in General Medicine Perhaps you, like me, think the anti-vaccination brigade are about as praiseworthy as Stalin. Yet you keep seeing and hearing trickles of nonsense from their corner, digested ... Read on »
Do we think in English? by Jeremy Posted in: Blog Posts in General Medicine ... or whatever your language is, for that matter? We've all caught ourselves projecting phrases into our mind's ear, such as phone numbers you've just been read - "07 ... Read on »
RNA interference - Part 2: regulation of gene expression by Jeremy Posted in: Blog Posts in General Medicine (This post follows Part 1.) Assuming that the microRNA-Dicer-RISC algorithm (usually collectively known as RNA interference ) did initially evolve as a defence against ... Read on »
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