CLINICAL PRESENTATIONS:

(1) Routine examination
(2) Clinical symptoms:
Thirst
Pruritus vulvae
Polyuria
Balanitis
Polydipsia
Impotence
Nocturia
Changes in vision
Wt. Loss
Parasthesiae
Tiredness
(3) Ketoacidosis
(4) Symptoms of complications
a) Nephropathy Nodular glomerulo sclerosis
(Kimmelsteil Wilson ) NS
CRF
Proteinuria
Gen. Arteriosclerosis
Pyelonephritis
Symptoms of anaemia
Uraemia
N.S.

b) Retinopathy
1.Simple or background
micro aneurysms
Blot.hges
Exudates
Cotton wool
Tortuous veins
2. Proliferative retinopathy: neovascularization
vitreous haemorrhages
3. Exudative retinopathy macular oedema
macular exudates
Cataract – snow flake in Type I
Accltd. Senile in Type 2

c) Macroangiopathy:
Atheroma in large and medium sized blood vessles
CVD
IHD
PVD
d) Neuropathy:

a. Peripheral neuropathy:
(Charkot’s neuroarthropathy)
b. Acute. Neuropathy, post. Hypotension
Impotence
Bladder retention
Bowel diarrhoea
Gustatory sweating

e. Mononeuropathy carpel tunnel syndrome
Lat.pop
Cervical sp.root
TI
. Dermopathy: Carbuncles
ulcers
muco cutaneous candidiasis