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Efficiency, Meet Elasticity

Posted Sep 20 2010 6:15am
by Richard T. Stuebi

I sometimes receive criticism for not sufficiently promoting energy efficiency as a means of reducing our reliance on fossil fuels. I don’t think that the criticism is justified – I do strongly support the pursuit of energy efficiency – but I am willing to admit that I spend more time and attention focusing on energy supply technologies.

This is for two reasons. One is that we can’t realistically shrink our way to zero energy requirements – or even close. Yes, we must stop wastage, but for continued human progress over the centuries to come, we will always need a substantial supply of energy, from more benign and everlasting sources than the fossil fuels we depend upon today.

Second, and more subtly, the adoption of energy efficient technologies often begets a perverse reaction from the market – increased energy consumption -- due to the effect of the economic concept of income elasticity .

This concept is illustrated by a paper entitled "Solid-State Lighting: An Energy-Economics Perspective" by Dr. Jeff Tsao and colleagues at Sandia National Laboratories in the Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics , assessing the long-run implications of the adoption of more efficient lighting technologies. Their study indicates that, by 2030, LED lighting will be three times more efficient than fluorescent lights – but that customer demand for lighting (as measured in lumens ) will increase by a factor of ten, meaning that electricity requirements to supply lighting demand would have to double, even with elimination of incandescents and replacement with LEDs.

Again, I support the transition to LEDs. It should be noted that LEDs have much less of a thermal footprint, so even if the paradoxical results suggested by Dr. Tsao et al come to pass, there may still be a substantial reduction in energy requirements associated with air conditioning as LEDs come to replace incandescent lights.

The moral of this story is that energy efficiency is not a panacea for our environmental challenges. It is easy for advocates of energy efficiency to overlook consumer behavior when considering the aggregate impacts of a new technology – and thereby may overstate the potential environmental benefits associated with energy efficiency innovations. As a result, the search for new and better energy supply approaches remains an imperative – even while more aggressively promoting more efficient energy consumption technologies.

Richard T. Stuebi is a founding principal of NorTech Energy Enterprise , the advanced energy initiative at NorTech , where he is on loan from The Cleveland Foundation as its Fellow of Energy and Environmental Advancement. He is also a Managing Director in charge of cleantech investment activities at Early Stage Partners , a Cleveland-based venture capital firm.
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