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Prolactin Elevation in Autoimmune Disease

Posted Apr 09 2009 5:47pm
Image by iprole

The more I read and learn about autoimmune disease,  I become increasingly amazed at the complexity of our bodies. I envision the mechanisms of autoimmunity as being an enormous puzzle with pieces flying fast and furiously around our vascular, lymph, neurological, and hormonal systems. And everywhere else, it seems. 

My latest "well, gooolllleee" experience came while reading about the relationship between prolactin and autoimmune disease. Prolactin? 

Prolactin, a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland, is most commonly thought to be responsible for milk production in females. While this is true, it is also responsible for many other functions, as described inthis article by Colorado State:
It is difficult to point to a tissue that does not express prolactin receptors, and although the anterior pituitary is the major source of prolactin, the hormone is synthesized and secreted in many other tissues. Overall, several hundred different actions have been reported for prolactin........A considerable amount of research is in progress to delineate the role of prolactin in normal and pathologic immune responses.
This study,published in 2007 from Wolfson Medical Center, Israel, explores the relationship between elevated prolactin levels, also called hyperprolactinemia, and autoimmune disease:
The autoimmune diseases are more common in females. The sex hormones have an important role in this gender bias, mainly estrogen and prolactin (PRL) which modulate the immune response. PRL is secreted from the pituitary gland and other organs and cells mainly the lymphocytes.PRL has an immunostimulatory effect and promotes autoimmunity. (HPRL) is observed in multi-organ and organ specific autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Sjogren's syndrome (SS), Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and multiple sclerosis (MS). There is no consistent correlation between PRL levels and disease activity.
My first thought after reading this information was, well, let's just block the action of prolactin, then. Which doesn't make a lot of sense when reviewing all the other functions for which prolactin is responsible, and in noting that there does not seem to be a direct correlation between prolatctin levels and disease activity, as quoted above. You can read more about the prolactin-autoimmune link here

Someday, all the pieces of this difficult puzzle will finally come together, each in it's proper place. I can't wait.
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